Isomalto-oligosaccharide (IMO) is a prebiotic fiber made up of short chain carbohydrates. IMO is derived from chicory root fiber through an enzymatic conversion process. Its molecules range in size from two to ten glucose units. This short chain structure allows IMO to bypass absorption in the upper digestive tract and reach the colon where it can promote the growth of beneficial gut bacteria.

How IMO Works in the Body

When IMO reaches the colon, it serves as food for the probiotic bacteria that normally live there. Certain strains of the bacteria Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are able to metabolize and utilize IMO as an energy source for growth and multiplication. As these "good" bacteria populate the colon in higher numbers, their collective metabolism creates an environment that is less hospitable for potential pathogenic organisms. By preferentially stimulating the probiotic microbiota, IMO is able to support a balanced gastrointestinal ecosystem.

Benefits of Consuming IMO

The growth of probiotic bacteria in the colon as a result of IMO consumption has several downstream effects that are beneficial for digestive and overall health:

- Production of Short Chain Fatty Acids: As probiotic bacteria ferment Isomalto-oligosaccharide, they release byproducts called short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as acetate, propionate and butyrate. SCFAs contribute to gut immunity, lower the gut pH, and provide energy for colon cells.

- Balanced Microbiota: A diverse and balanced mix of microbiota in the colon decreases risk of gastrointestinal issues like diarrhea and constipation. It also helps defend against bad bacteria, viruses and yeast that could cause illness.

- Improved Regular bowel movements: Bifidobacterium promotes healthy and regular bowel movements due to its effects of softening stool and increasing bulk. IMO supports their growth for optimized elimination.

- Protection against pathogens: Certain strains of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium can inhibit the adhesion of harmful microbes like Salmonella, E.coli, and Candida albicans to the intestinal wall therefore offering protection.

- Immune function enhancement: SCFAs produced from IMO fermentation interact with immune cells in the colon and stimulate an anti-inflammatory response while strengthening the gut barrier. This boosts natural defenses against pathogens.

Use of IMO as a Food Ingredient

Because of its properties as a carbohydrate that escapes digestion and selectively nourishes beneficial bacteria, IMO is widely used as a food ingredient. It is commonly added to yogurt, cheeses, cereals, bars and drinks looking to promote digestive health. Scientific studies have shown 0.5-10 grams of supplemental IMO daily can effectively stimulate the growth of bifidobacteria population in the colon. As such IMO offers an easily ingestible and well-tolerated way to support microbiota functioning through normal dietary choices.

Specific Health Applications of IMO

Beyond general digestive health maintenance, IMO has been researched for the following targeted uses due to its prebiotic characteristics:

Reducing Constipation: Regular consumption of 3 grams daily was shown to improve bowel function in constipated individuals by softening stool and increasing defecation frequency within a few weeks. This was attributed to bifidogenic effects stimulating gut motility.

Managing Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Some studies found 2-10 grams IMO daily significantly reduced IBS symptoms like abdominal pain, bloating and discomfort by modifying gut microbiota and environment. This approach may help control post-infectious IBS.

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