Low Embodied Energy Materials
Embodied energy refers to the total amount of energy required to extract, process, manufacture and transport building materials to the construction site. Materials like concrete, steel and aluminum have high embodied energies due to the intensive industrial processes involved in their production. Green alternatives such as bamboo, linoleum and cellulose insulation have much lower embodied energies since little processing is required. Using materials with low embodied energies reduces the carbon footprint of buildings.
Renewable and Recycled Materials
Renewable materials like bamboo, wool and cork are obtained from natural resources that regenerate over time and can be harvested sustainably. Recycled materials like recycled steel, aggregated glass and recycled plastics divert waste from landfills and reduce pressure on raw material extraction. Both renewable and recycled green materials help shift construction practices towards more sustainable use of resources.
Chemical-Free Materials
Conventional building products are often treated with pesticides, fungicides, fire retardants and other chemicals during manufacturing. However, these chemicals can off-gas harmful volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into indoor air over time, posing health risks. Green Building Materials like wood from sustainably managed forests, ceramic tiles, natural paints and finishes are free from added chemicals, making them healthier for inhabitants.
Long Lifecycles and Durability
Green materials are designed and selected to withstand the test of time with minimal maintenance requirements over the long lifecycle of buildings. Durable materials like clay bricks and tiles, concrete blocks, bamboo, cork and hardwood floors can last 50-100 years or more with proper care and prevent recurring material replacement and renovation waste. Their longevity reduces environmental stress compared to less durable conventional alternatives.
Local and Regional Sourcing
Transporting building materials long distances increases their embodied energy and carbon footprint drastically due to fuel used in trucks, ships and planes. Choosing materials sourced locally or regionally within a 500 km radius helps minimize transportation impacts. Local green materials available include regional stone, recycled glass aggregate, agricultural residues like straw bales, and wood from sustainably managed nearby forests.
Health, Productivity and Well-being Benefits
A growing body of research shows that green building materials can positively impact occupant health, productivity and satisfaction due to better indoor air quality. Materials like natural paints, floors, wooden furniture and low-VOC sealants, sealants and adhesives reduce concentrations of hazardous chemicals indoors. Other benefits include thermal comfort from breathable, locally-sourced materials and connection to nature through use of natural materials. Good indoor environmental quality can boost work and school performance as well as general well-being.
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